Using ARM data to Understand the Impact of New Particle Formation on Cloud Condensation Nuclei Concentration in Different Environments

Aerosol

aerosols

Small particles or droplets, such as wildfire smoke, volcanic gases, or salty sea spray, that float in the air. They are emitted by both natural events and human activities.

Source: NASA Global Climate Change Source

nucleation (formation of aerosol particles directly from gases) is an important atmospheric process that can impact cloud formation, but the contribution of aerosols formed via nucleation to overall cloud condensation nuclei

cloud condensation nuclei

Tiny airborne particles suspended in the atmosphere that serve as the seeds around which cloud droplets form.

Source: Source

(CCN) concentration is still poorly understood.  Numerous modeling studies suggest that aerosol nucleation can influence the number of the global CCN, however direct measurements demonstrating a link between new particle formation (NPF) and CCN concentration are rare, and most are limited to case studies.  

DOE ARM data,

ARM data

Continuous field measurements of atmospheric data collected with Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) instruments at fixed and varying locations worldwide.

Source: Argonne National Laboratory Source

with simultaneous measurements of particle number size distributions (useful for identification of NPF events, formation and growth rates), CCN, aerosol chemical composition, and other relevant variables provide a unique and rich dataset to address the important challenges related to NPF and CCN. The main objective of this project is to use ARM data to understand the NPF process and its impact on CCN in different conditions (e.g., environment changes due to site locations and temporal changes at the sites). This will be done  through a combination of comprehensive data analysis and model simulations using the WRF-Chem model (Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry) with explicit size-resolved particle microphysics. The scientific questions we propose to address are:

What is the contribution of NPF to CCN?
What methods perform best for identifying the contribution of NPF to CCN?
What are the spatial, temporal, and environmental differences driving NPF contributions to CCN?
Can WRF-Chem simulate and further explain the NPF and CCN observations on a regional scale?
Can discrepancies between WRF-Chem and observations be used to improve modeling of relevant processes (e.g., nucleation schemes)?

We propose to develop a harmonized data set of DOE ARM (Atmospheric Radiation Measurement) observations of CCN and other relevant quantities (size distribution, aerosol chemistry, trace gases) to address these questions and serve as a resource to the wider modeling community.