High-latitude Climates

High-latitude climates in the northern hemisphere occupy the northern subarctic and arctic latitude zones and includes an ocean that is largely surrounded by land. The Arctic is a complex system that includes physical, biological, chemical, and climatological processes that have changed over time. The Arctic is warming much faster than the rest of the planet in a process now known as Arctic amplification. Arctic scientists are working to understand future changes to permafrost, atmospheric and soil chemistry, sea ice, cloud processes, and more.