![This Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) Science Focus Area (SFA) investigates biogeochemistry at interfaces from the nanometer scale in the laboratory to the meter scale in the field to identify the dominant biogeochemical processes and underlying mechanisms that control metal and radionuclide mobilization in surface water and groundwater. (Image by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory)](/content/images/project/biogeochemistry-at-interfaces-50.jpg)
![Urban farmer Liz Lamb discusses cover crop strategy with members of the BSEC research team (Image credit: Ben Zaitchik/Johns Hopkins University)](/content/images/project/bsec-baltimore-social-environmental-collaborative-124.jpg)
![The image shows the team doing fieldwork. (Image source: https://www.pnnl.gov/news-media/pnnl-leads-coastal-study-help-prep-wildfires-floods-and-climate-change)](/content/images/project/compass-fme-coastal-observations-mechanisms-and-predictions-across-85.jpg)
![COMPASS-GLM Phase II theme triangle. (Image credit: COMPASS-GLM Project Team)](/content/images/project/compass-glm-146.png)
![Drought in the Colorado River in Rocky Mountain National Park. (Image by Charuleka Varadharajan, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory)](/content/images/project/inaiads-23.jpg)
![Watershed](/content/images/project/multi-watershed-perturbation-response-traits-derived-through-ecological-theory-141.jpg)
![Field site and field crew (Image credit: Oak Ridge National Laboratory)](/content/images/project/ngee-arctic-next-generation-ecosystem-experiments-66.jpg)
![Kayaks are used to map the water depth upstream of measurements used to estimate ecosystem respiration. (Image credit: Morgan Barnes, PNNL)](/content/images/project/river-corridor-sfa-river-corridor-hydrobiogeochemistry-from-74.jpg)
![SETx Logo. (Image credit: SETx UIFL)](/content/images/project/setx-equitable-solutions-for-communities-caught-between-132.jpg)
![Urban land uses strongly influence microbial carbon cycling along the terrestrial-aquatic systems. This work identifies specific locations (i.e., control points) exerting strong impact on carbon biogeochemistry and to understand the interplay of molecular controls, nutrient supply, and hydrologic factors that fuel the rapid microbial carbon processing at these locations, impacting downstream coastal systems. A molecular-scale understanding is critical to accurately predicting highly dynamic urban and coastal carbon cycles. (Image credit: Nathan Johnson, PNNL)](/content/images/project/urban-resilience-across-the-terrestrial-aquatic-continuum-mechanisms-134.jpg)
![Conceptual diagram of research activities focused on improving our predictive understanding of watershed function under changing land use and climate conditions. (Image credit: Oak Ridge National Lab)](/content/images/project/watershed-dynamics-and-evolution-wade-sfa-formerly-126.jpg)
![East River photographed facing east in Gothic, CO. (Image credit: Roy Kaltschmidt, LBNL, July 2014)](/content/images/project/watershed-function-sfa-31.jpg)
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