![Soil sampling in the Blodgett Forest near Georgetown (Image by Roy Kaltschmidt, Berkeley Lab. © The Regents of the University of California, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.)](/content/images/project/belowground-biogeochemistry-sfa-42.jpg)
![This Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) Science Focus Area (SFA) investigates biogeochemistry at interfaces from the nanometer scale in the laboratory to the meter scale in the field to identify the dominant biogeochemical processes and underlying mechanisms that control metal and radionuclide mobilization in surface water and groundwater. (Image by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory)](/content/images/project/biogeochemistry-at-interfaces-50.jpg)
![The image shows the team doing fieldwork. (Image source: https://www.pnnl.gov/news-media/pnnl-leads-coastal-study-help-prep-wildfires-floods-and-climate-change)](/content/images/project/compass-fme-coastal-observations-mechanisms-and-predictions-across-85.jpg)
![Earth System Grid Federation 2 logo](/content/images/project/earth-system-grid-federation-2-93.jpg)
![Diagram showing the responses of a general ecosystem to the effects of increased atmospheric CO2. The effects start at the physiological scale on the left side and cascade through ecosystem processes of increasing scale from left to right. Solid arrows represent carbon flows and dashed arrows represent an influence of one process on another. Looped feedbacks through the plant and soil system can be seen. (Image credit: Victor Leshyk and Walker et al., 2021)](/content/images/project/face-mds-free-air-co2-enrichment-model-data-synthesis-114.jpg)
![Watershed](/content/images/project/multi-watershed-perturbation-response-traits-derived-through-ecological-theory-141.jpg)
![Field site and field crew (Image credit: Oak Ridge National Laboratory)](/content/images/project/ngee-arctic-next-generation-ecosystem-experiments-66.jpg)
![Kayaks are used to map the water depth upstream of measurements used to estimate ecosystem respiration. (Image credit: Morgan Barnes, PNNL)](/content/images/project/river-corridor-sfa-river-corridor-hydrobiogeochemistry-from-74.jpg)
![RUBISCO logo. (Image credit: RUBISCO)](/content/images/project/rubisco-reducing-uncertainties-in-biogeochemical-interactions-through-94.jpg)
![Opening a pit to observe and sample the soil profile of a low-centered ice-wedge polygon on the Arctic Coastal Plain of Alaska. (Image credit: Julie Jastrow, ANL)](/content/images/project/soil-carbon-response-to-environmental-change-98.jpg)
![Aerial image of the SPRUCE site in October 2020. (Photo credit: Oak Ridge National Laboratory)](/content/images/project/spruce-terrestrial-ecosystem-science-scientific-focus-area-67.jpg)
![Weather sensor install in Phoenix by ASU students for SW-IFL Project. (Image credit: David Sailor, ASU, 2023)](/content/images/project/sw-ifl-southwest-urban-corridor-integrated-field-laboratory-135.jpg)
![The SFA utilizes the hydrogeomorphic wetland classification, biogeochemistry, and modeling to understand terrestrial wetlands. (Image credit: Wetland Function SFA Team and Argonne’s Creative Services)](/content/images/project/terrestrial-wetland-function-and-resilience-scientific-focus-145.jpg)
![Urban land uses strongly influence microbial carbon cycling along the terrestrial-aquatic systems. This work identifies specific locations (i.e., control points) exerting strong impact on carbon biogeochemistry and to understand the interplay of molecular controls, nutrient supply, and hydrologic factors that fuel the rapid microbial carbon processing at these locations, impacting downstream coastal systems. A molecular-scale understanding is critical to accurately predicting highly dynamic urban and coastal carbon cycles. (Image credit: Nathan Johnson, PNNL)](/content/images/project/urban-resilience-across-the-terrestrial-aquatic-continuum-mechanisms-134.jpg)
![East River photographed facing east in Gothic, CO. (Image credit: Roy Kaltschmidt, LBNL, July 2014)](/content/images/project/watershed-function-sfa-31.jpg)
![The Argonne Wetland Hydrobiogeochemistry Science Focus Area aims to understand and predict wetland ecosystem function and its control on elemental (e.g., carbon, nutrient, and contaminant) transformations and transport within a riparian wetland at the Savannah River National Laboratory. (Image courtesy of Ken Kemner, Argonne National Laboratory)](/content/images/project/wetland-hydrobiogeochemistry-3.jpg)
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